Nobel Prize at Springer Nature

Nobel Prize in Physics 2021

Nobel Prize 2018

On October 5, the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021 was awarded "for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems" with one half jointly to Syukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann "for the physical modelling of Earth's climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming" and the other half to Giorgio Parisi "for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales."*

This year’s Nobel Laureates didn’t achieve their breakthroughs overnight. Below you can read, share, and download a selection of their research that’s published across Springer Nature’s journals and books. Find the story of this year’s Laureates in Physics.

Read the subscription articles and book chapters below for free until December 12, 2021. The open access articles are permanently free.

*The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Tue. 5 Oct 2021.

Publications by Syukuro Manabe

Articles
Book chapters

Articles

Assessing temperature pattern projections made in 1989. Published in: Nature Climate Change
Radiative damping of annual variation in global mean surface temperature: comparison between observed and simulated feedback. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Century-Scale Change in Water Availability: CO₂-Quadrupling Experiment. Published in: Climatic Change
Equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation to large changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Detectability of Summer Dryness Caused by Greenhouse Warming. Published in: Climatic Change
Simulated response of the ocean carbon cycle to anthropogenic climate warming. Published in: Nature
Simulation of abrupt climate change induced by freshwater input to the North Atlantic Ocean. Published in: Nature
Model assessment of the role of natural variability in recent global warming. Published in: Nature
Century-scale effects of increased atmospheric CO₂ on the ocean–atmosphere system. Published in: Nature
A comparative study of the observations of high clouds and simulations by an atmospheric general circulation model.Published in: Climate Dynamics
more
The temporal variability of soil wetness and its impact on climate. Published in: Climatic Change
Interhemispheric asymmetry in climate response to a gradual increase of atmospheric CO₂. Published in: Nature
The influence of continental ice, atmospheric CO₂, and land albedo on the climate of the last glacial maximum. Published in: Climate Dynamics
An investigation of cloud cover change in response to thermal forcing. Published in: Climatic Change
Summer dryness due to an increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Published in: Climatic Change
A CO₂-climate sensitivity study with a mathematical model of the global climate. Published in: Nature
Book chapters

Global Warming and Water Resources—From Basic Science to Environmental Studies. In: Climate Change, Energy Use, and Sustainability
Mountains and Midlatitude Aridity. In: Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change
Climate Model Studies of Interactions between Ice Sheets and the Atmosphere-Ocean System. In: Ice in the Climate System
Ocean Circulation in Warm and Cold Climates. In: Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change, Part 2
The Interaction of Radiative and Cloud Feedback Processes With Hydrology. In: Atmospheric Radiation
Influence of the Climap Ice Sheet on the Climate of a General Circulation Model : Implications for the Milankovitch Theory. In: Milankovitch and Climate
Cloudiness and the Radiative, Convective Equilibrium. In: Global Effects of Environmental Pollution
The Dependence of Atmospheric Temperature on the Concentration of Carbon Dioxide. In: Global Effects of Environmental Pollution

Publications by Klaus Hasselmann

Articles
Books and chapters

Articles

Free-riders to forerunners. Published in: Nature Geoscience
What to do? Does science have a role? Published in: The European Physical Journal Special Topics
The Stern Review and the IPCC fourth assessment report: implications for interaction between policymakers and climate experts. An editorial essay. Published in: Climatic Change
Optimal filtering for Bayesian detection and attribution of climate change. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Climate System Modeling in the Framework of the Tolerable Windows Approach: The ICLIPS Climate Model. Published in: Climatic Change
A nonlinear impulse response model of the coupled carbon cycle-climate system (NICCS). Published in: Climate Dynamics
Intertemporal Accounting of Climate Change – Harmonizing Economic Efficiency and Climate Stewardship. Published in: Climatic Change
The Tolerable Windows Approach: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations. Published in: Climatic Change
Multi-fingerprint direction and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Climate-change research after Kyoto. Published in: Nature
more
Sensitivity Study of Optimal CO₂ Emission Paths Using a Simplified Structural Integrated Assessment Model (SIAM). Published in: Climatic Change
Multi-pattern fingerprint method for detection and attribution of climate change. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Multi-fingerprint detection and attribution analysis of greenhouse gas, greenhouse gas-plus-aerosol and solar forced climate change. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Signal-to-noise analysis of time-dependent greenhouse warming experiments. Published in: Climate Dynamics
On the cold start problem in transient simulations with coupled atmosphere-ocean models. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Time-dependent greenhouse warming computations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Coupled ocean-atmosphere models with flux correction. Published in: Climate Dynamics
Transport and storage of CO₂ in the ocean ——an inorganic ocean-circulation carbon cycle model. Published in: Climate Dynamics
On the validity of weak particle-field interaction theory for the description of cosmic-ray particle diffusion in random magnetic fields. Published in: Astrophysics and Space Science
High-frequency radar observations of sea waves travelling in opposition to the wind. Published in: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Radar measurements of wind and waves. Published in: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
The two-frequency microwave technique for measuring ocean-wave spectra from an airplane or satellite. Published in: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
On the spectral dissipation of ocean waves due to white capping. Published in: Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Books and chapters

Monograph
Seventy Years of Exploration in Oceanography, A Prolonged Weekend Discussion with Walter Munk. Read a sample chapter, "Waves and Wave Spectra".
Book chapters
Climate Change Impact on the Arctic Economy In: Sea Ice in the Arctic
Application of System Dynamics to Climate Policy Assessment In: Progress in Industrial Mathematics at ECMI 2008
Is Climate Predictable? In: The Science of Disasters
Climate and its Influential Factors, Especially the Anthropogenic Enhancement of the Greenhouse Effect and its Possible Impacts — Results of the Second Assessment Report of the IPCC In: Goals and Economic Instruments for the Achievement of Global Warming Mitigation in Europe
Multi-actor Optimization of Greenhouse Gas Emission Paths Using Coupled Integral Climate Response and Economic Models In: Earth System Analysis
Developments Toward a Risk Management Tool for Simulations of Marine Transport of Radioactivity in the Oceans — a Case Study from the Kara Sea In: Field Screening Europe
Climate and Development: Scientific Efforts and Assessment — The State of the Art In: Climate and Development
Some Problems in the Numerical Simulation of Climate Variability Using High-Resolution Coupled Models In: Physically-Based Modelling and Simulation of Climate and Climatic Change, Part 1
Climate Modelling Activities at the Max-Planck-Institute of Meteorology, Hamburg In: Current Issues in Climate Research
more
Climate Modelling In: Current Issues in Climate Research
The Response of Synthetic Aperture Radar to Ocean Surface Waves In: Wave Dynamics and Radio Probing of the Ocean Surface
The Wave Model EXACT-NL In: Ocean Wave Modeling
The Fully Developed Wind-Sea Spectrum as a Solution of the Energy Balance Equation In: The Ocean Surface
Application of inverse modelling techniques to palaeoclimatic data In: Palaeoclimatic Research and Models
Construction and Verification of Stochastic Climate Models In: Climatic Variations and Variability: Facts and Theories
Ein stochastisches Modell der natürlichen Klimavariabilität In: Das Klima
On the Spectral Energy Balance and Numerical Prediction of Ocean Waves In: Turbulent Fluxes Through the Sea Surface, Wave Dynamics, and Prediction
Nonlinear and Linear Bottom Interaction Effects in Shallow Water In: Turbulent Fluxes Through the Sea Surface, Wave Dynamics, and Prediction

Publications by Giorgio Parisi

Articles
Book chapters

Articles

Temperature chaos is present in off-equilibrium spin-glass dynamics. Published in: Communications Physics
On the Number of Limit Cycles in Diluted Neural Networks. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
The Marginally Stable Bethe Lattice Spin Glass Revisited. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
The backtracking survey propagation algorithm for solving random K-SAT problems. Published in: Nature Communications
Balance research funds across Europe. Published in: Nature
The Crossover Region Between Long-Range and Short-Range Interactions for the Critical Exponents. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Fractal free energy landscapes in structural glasses. Published in: Nature Communications
Reconfigurable computing for Monte Carlo simulations: Results and prospects of the Janus project. Published in: The European Physical Journal Special Topics
Field theory of fluctuations in glasses. Published in: The European Physical Journal E
Interface Energy in the Edwards-Anderson Model. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
more
Replica Method and Finite Volume Corrections. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
The Mean Field Theory of Spin Glasses: The Heuristic Replica Approach and Recent Rigorous Results. Published in: Letters in Mathematical Physics
An In-Depth View of the Microscopic Dynamics of Ising Spin Glasses at Fixed Temperature. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
On the Most Compact Regular Lattices in Large Dimensions: A Statistical Mechanical Approach. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Conference registration: how people react to a deadline. Published in: Nature Physics
On the High Density Behavior of Hamming Codes with Fixed Minimum Distance. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Brownian motion. Published in: Nature
The Cavity Method at Zero Temperature. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Phonon interpretation of the ‘boson peak’ in supercooled liquids. Published in: Nature
Spin glasses on Bethe lattices for large coordination number. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Euclidean random matrices, the glass transition and the boson peak. Published in: The European Physical Journal E
On the finite size corrections to some random matching problems. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Neighborhood preferences in random matching problems. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Renormalization group approach to spin glass systems. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
The K-SAT Problem in a Simple Limit. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
The Bethe lattice spin glass revisited. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Non trivial overlap distributions at zero temperature. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
P-adic numbers and replica symmetry breaking. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Replica Symmetry Breaking in Short-Range Spin Glasses: Theoretical Foundations and Numerical Evidences. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
The Response of Glassy Systems to Random Perturbations: A Bridge Between Equilibrium and Off-Equilibrium. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Generalized off-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations in random Ising systems. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
On the 1/D expansion for directed polymers. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Critical properties of a three-dimensional p-spin model. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Generalized off-equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relations in random Ising systems. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Numerical simulations of the dynamical behavior of the SK model. Published in: The European Physical Journal B
Slow dynamics in glasses. Published in: Il Nuovo Cimento D
An introduction to the immune network. Published in: Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)
On the branching structure of the tree of states in spin glasses. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
A soluble model for random directed polymers in the very long range limit. Published in: Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali
Field theories and growth models. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
On the interpretation of 1/f noise. Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics
Field-theoretic approach to second-order phase transitions in two- and three-dimensional systems. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Critical exponents and large-order behavior of perturbation theory. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Planar diagrams. Published in: Journal of Statistical Physics
Is the 3104 MeV vector meson the φc or the W0?. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Analyticity properties and asymptotic expansions of conformal covariant Green's functions. Published in: Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)
Deep inelastic scattering in a field theory with computable large-momenta behaviour. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
On renormalizability of not renormalizable theories. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Conformal symmetry at lightlike distances and asymptotic behaviour of electromagnetic form factors. Published in: Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)
Nonequivalence between conformal covariant Wilson expansion in Euclidean and Minkowski space. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
A simple method for computing electrodynamic processes of high order. Published in: Il Nuovo Cimento A (1971-1996)
On self-consistency conditions in conformal covariant field theory. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
The shadow operator formalism for conformal algebra. Vacuum expectation values and operator products. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
A duality sum rule for deep inelastic scattering. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
The Σ-term and the scale breaking. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Theoretical predictions for critical exponents at the λ-point of bose liquids. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Angular correlations of the decay products of two heavy leptons. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Calculation of critical indices. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Hard bremsstrahlung in e+e− collisions. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
e+e− Annihilation into hadrons in the preasymptotic region and production in proton collisionsproduction in proton collisions. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1971-1985)
Deep inelastic scattering and the nature of partons. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1969-1970)
Hadron production in e+e− collisions. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1969-1970)
Gauge invariance and dynamical symmetry breaking. Published in: Lettere al Nuovo Cimento (1969-1970)
Book chapters

Ergodicity: How Can It Be Broken? In: Large Deviations in Physics
An FPGA-Based Supercomputer for Statistical Physics: The Weird Case of Janus. In: High-Performance Computing Using FPGAs
Euclidean Randommatrices:Solvedand Open Problems. In: Applications of Random Matrices in Physics
On the Probabilistic Approach to the Random Satisfiability Problem. In: Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing
Complexity and Intelligence. In: The Kolmogorov Legacy in Physics
Spin Glasses and the Renormalization Group. In: New Non-Perturbative Methods and Quantization on the Light Cone
Ultrametric structure of finite dimensional spin glasses. In: Complex Behaviour of Glassy Systems
Slow dynamics of glassy systems. In: Complex Behaviour of Glassy Systems
Slow non-equilibrium dynamics. In: 25 Years of Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics
Complexity in Biology. In: Thinking Physics for Teaching
more
Random Heteropolymers Folding. In: Biologically Inspired Physics
A Few Remarks on Low Dimensional String Theory. In: Random Surfaces and Quantum Gravity
Mean Field Theory for Spin Glasses. In: Recent Topics in Theoretical Physics
On Complexity. In: Measures of Complexity
Prolegomena to any Future Computer Evaluation of the QCD Mass Spectrum. In: Progress in Gauge Field Theory
Trace identities for the Schröedinger operator and the WKB method. In: The Riemann Problem, Complete Integrability and Arithmetic Applications
Mean field theory for spin glasses. In: Disordered Systems and Localization
Randomness as a Source of Massless Particles. In: Unification of the Fundamental Particle Interactions
On the Structure of the Phases in Lattice Gauge Theories. In: Recent Developments in Gauge Theories
Quartic oscillator. In: Feynman Path Integrals
On Non-Renormalizable Interactions. In: New Developments in Quantum Field Theory and Statistical Mechanics Cargèse 1976

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